Sound Money: William McKinley’s 1896 Presidential Campaign
Posted February 3, 2025

By Benjamin Baughman, History Curator

The 1896 presidential election was one of the most divisive in our nation’s history. Pitting the Ohio-born Republican nominee and former Ohio governor, William McKinley, against the Democratic nominee, former Nebraska Congressman William Jennings Bryan, the election focused mainly on America’s money supply. Still suffering from the Panic of 1893 financial crisis, Americans in 1896 were divided on how best to recover from the nation’s economic depression. Most Republicans favored the gold standard (what McKinley referred to as "sound money") which backed the nation’s currency on a fixed amount of gold, while many Democrats supported the Free Silver Movement which placed the value of the dollar on the more abundant silver.

In the months leading up to the election, each candidate took a different approach to campaigning. While Bryan travelled thousands of miles by rail making speeches across the country, McKinley conducted a “front porch campaign” from his home in Canton, Ohio. Despite Bryan’s highly regarded oratorical skill and overall support from rural areas, McKinley won the election, receiving 271 electoral votes to Bryan’s 176.

The 1896 presidential election is often credited as being the first U.S. election to feature mass-produced political ephemera – everything from campaign buttons to fans to drinking glasses. Because McKinley did not travel during his campaign, items like these were necessary to rally his supporters and to place his name and platform into the minds of American voters. Along with dozens of buttons and ribbons relating to this election, the Ohio History Connection holds in its collections many examples of unique memorabilia from McKinley’s 1896 presidential campaign.

McKinley Campaign Umbrella, 1896

This umbrella is one example of the variety of memorabilia produced for William McKinley’s 1896 presidential campaign. It features illustrations of presidential nominee McKinley alongside his running mate, former New Jersey senator, Garret Hobart. The umbrella also features the phrase “Protection, Sound Money” – an allusion to McKinley’s belief in the gold standard.

McKinley Walking Stick (handle), 1896

Another popular item carried by McKinley supporters in 1896 was walking sticks or canes that featured images of the Republican nominee and/or his campaign slogans. This walking stick sports a bust of McKinley at its handle and is inscribed with the words "Patriotism, Protection, Prosperity," one of McKinley's 1896 campaign slogans.  

McKinley Glass Whiskey Flask, 1896

This glass whiskey flask features portraits of William McKinley on one side and vice-presidential nominee Garret Hobart on the other. Around each portrait are the words “Genuine Distilled Protection, For Sound Money Only,” a reference to distilled whiskey and McKinley’s “Sound Money” platform.  Flasks and bottles promoting presidential candidates first appeared in the 1820s and later re-emerged as popular campaign materials at the end of the 19th century. 

McKinley Gold Bug Pin, 1896

Voters in favor of the gold standard came to be known as “gold bugs.” To show their support for the McKinley/Hobart ticket, they often wore gold-colored, insect-shaped pins like this one.  This mechanical pin features a button that when pressed opens the bug's wings to reveal small images of the two candidates.  Supporters of William Jennings Bryan, McKinley’s Democratic opponent, wore similar “silver bug” pins in support of the Free Silver Movement.    

McKinley Novelty Coin, 1896

The 1896 presidential campaign also witnessed the production of  hundreds of "gag" or "novelty" items.  Typically, these objects poked fun at the other party's candidate or their political platform.  This novelty coin encourages Americans to vote for McKinley and "a 100 cent dollar," while the reverse of the coin claims that under William Jennings Bryan's silver standard, a dollar would only be worth one dime.

McKinley Soap Baby, 1896

One of the most unusual campaign materials from this election were items referred to as “soap babies.”  These miniature infant-shaped soaps were mailed to voters inside a cardboard box bearing the phrase My Papa Will Vote for McKinley. Gold Standard, Protection, Reciprocity, and Good Times.  The practice of message-based soap baby distribution was short-lived, as many voters complained that the objects resembled babies in coffins. 

To see more objects relating to President William McKinley, or to learn more about other Ohio presidents, please visit the Ohio History Connection's website at https://www.ohiohistory.org/research/museum-collections/history-collection/.

References

"Capital and Labor in the Campaign," The Evening Post, October 16, 1896, p. 4

Cole, Heather S. 2024. Ohio's Presidents: A History & Guide. History Press, Charleston

Gould, L.L. 1980. Presidency of William McKinley.  Regents Press of Kansas, Lawrence

Kent, Zachary. 1988. Encyclopedia of Presidents: William McKinley.  Children's Press, Chicago

Leech, M. 1959.  In the Days of McKinley. Harper, New York

Morison, Samuel Eliot. 1972.  The Oxford History of the American People. New American Library, New York

"The Poor Man's Dollar, " The New York Times, October 16, 1896, p. 8

"Want Only Sound Money," The New York Times, June 17, 1896, p. 2

 

 

 

 

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